IMPORTANT RIVERS

VOLCANOES' FACTS

What is Volcano?

• A Volcano is an opening which is caused due to pulling apart of divergent tectonic plates or coming closer of convergent tectonic plates. This opening, or rupture in a mountain leads to the eruption of Magma, Volcanic Ash or Gases. These escape from a chamber below the earth called 'Magma Chamber'.

•  Volcanoes do not erupt where two tectonic plates slides past one another but it can take place where there is stretching and thinning of 'Earth's Crust' in the interior of plates.

• There are around 1500 Active Volcanoes across the Globe, and some of these have been erupting for many years to form MAGMA. 

Some Facts About Volcanoes: 

1. Volcanic Rock Pumice (grey and full of bubbly holes) is the only Rock that FLOATS on water.

volcanic rock pumice

Volcano of Yellostone National Park

2. SUPER-VOLCANOES: The most formidable volcano which can cause rain hellfire across thousands of miles and cause Global Weather Change. One of these is in Yellostone National Park, US.

Mount Tambora

3. MOUNT TAMBORA: Here LARGEST VOLCANIC ERRUPTION took place (in year 1815) which killed over 100,000 people. It is situated in Sambawa, Indonesia. The country is known to have largest number of historically Active Volcanoes- around 76.

4. Most volcanoes occur near the edges of tectonic plates, the massive rock slabs that make up Earth's surface. However, some volcanoes, such as the Yellowstone Super-volcano, lie over other "Hot Spots" where magma wells up from deep within the Earth. 

Iceland Volcano April 2010

5. Iceland: Famous as Land of Fire and Ice- perches atop the volcanoes of the Atlantic’s mid-oceanic ridge. The latest eruption of the Eyjafjallajokull volcano (in April 2010) pales in comparison to the violent 1783's eruption of Mount Skaptar, which devastated the island's farming and fishing reserves and caused a famine that killed a fifth of the country's people. 

Mount Pinatubo

6. MOUNT PINATUBO (Philippines): Volcanic Eruption here spewed 22 million tons of Sulphur Dioxide which affected the whole planet and brought down the global temperature to 0.5 degree Celsius. 

7. VOLCANOES CAN GROW: As lava and ash accumulate, they add layers and height to the volcanic surface. This is one common way mountains are built.

8. VOLCANOES CAB BECOME EXTINCT: If scientists do not expect a volcano to ever erupt ever again, they consider it to be extinct. Volcanoes that are not currently active but may erupt again are labeled DORMANT. 

Katmai Caldera

9. The sheer force of some volcanic eruptions can cause its magma chambers to collapse, forming a giant, bowl-shaped crater called a CALDERA.

Hawaii's Mauna Loa 

10. BIGGEST VOLCANO ON EARTH: Hawaii's MAUNA LOA. 

One of the five volcanoes in Hawaii, it towers 13,000 feet above sea level. The Hawaiian Islands were actually created by a hot spot.

Alaska's Kasatochi Volcano 2008
(Colourful Sunset)

11. COLOURFUL SUNSET: Volcanoes make sunsets more colorful. When Alaska's Kasatochi volcano erupted in 2008, people all over the world saw unusually beautiful orange and coral hues in sunsets. This visual phenomenon is the result of fine ash particles in the atmosphere scattering the sun's rays.

IGNOU BSc NOTES

IGNOU BSc. notes and handouts will be provided at Gargi Coaching Classes (GCC).  

Those who are in search of IGNOU BSc. Classes or Previous Years' Solved Papers can join Gargi Coaching Classes. These notes will be free for GCC students however, those who are graduating from IGNOU and need notes related to Chemistry (CHE), Life Sciences (LSE) and other subjects can contact the institute and clear the exams without wasting time or making large efforts.

Topic-wise CHE 01 Notes:

Quantum Numbers
Angular Dependence and Shape of d-Orbital

Angular Dependence and Shape of p-Orbitals
Filling of Orbitals
Nature of Radiation and Matter-1
Nature of Radiation and Matter-2
Interference of Waves
Gerade and Ungerade 
Energy of Electrons in Orbitals
Energy of Electron in Orbitals
Energy of Electrons in Orbitals


Notes Provided are in simple language plus to-the-point. No extra, useless point is mentioned so as to avoid the inconvenience of students. All doubts and queries will be solved in class, on phone or even online.  

Home Tuitions are also available for IGNOU BSc. students as well as for students of class XI, XII. Free Trial Classes will be given to pupil interested in scoring high. 

Contact us at 9811943923/ 9899038404

Address:  Ram Gali, Vishwas Nagar 

               Shahadra Delhi - 110 032

  

GENERAL KNOWLDEGE: Top 10 Man-Made Wonders in World

1. GREAT WALL OF CHINA: The only man-made structure on the Earth which can be seen from the space.

 2. INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION (ISS): Artificial Satellite whose 1st component was launched in 1998. Largest artificial body in orbit which can often be seen with naked eye at appropriate time.

 3. GREAT PYRAMIDS OF GIZA: Also known as 'Pyramid of Khufu' or 'Pyramid of Cheops'. Among Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.

 4. HUBBLE TELESCOPE: A space telescope that was carried into orbit in 1990 by space shuttle and remains in operation.

5.  THE SPHINX: An iconic Egyptian Stone Monument carrying Body of Lion and Head of Human. 

6. BURJ KHALIFA: A Skyscraper in Dubai is the tallest building with 900 apartments (829.8m/ 2,722 ft).  

 7. THE COLOSSEUM: Elliptical amphitheater built in the center of Rome, a city in Italy. It the largest ever made structure in Roman Empire and is made of stone and concrete. 

 8. MOUNT RUSHMORE: Sculptures carved into granite face of Mount Rushmore, United States. It carries the heads of four Presidents of US, George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Theodre Roosevelt and Abraham Lincoln.

IIT's New Criteria.

IIT has shifted its criteria of selection of students. Now 2013 IITians will NOT be selected as per the marks scored in XII board but students in top 20 percentile. This means "60% marks in board" criteria is over and students will be chosen according to top 20 percentile rank. Moreover, the board of IIT has decided to give the JEE Mains test to the IIT aspirants among which 1.5 Lakh students will be selected for other round of IIT test- JEE Advance.